Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a complex pelvic condition that lasts at least three to six months and has no clearly identifiable cause such as infection or injury. It affects men and women equally and can have both physical and psychological causes or triggers. Muscles, nerves, the immune system, the bowel or even stress and psychological strain are often involved.

Symptoms often include:

• Pain in the lower abdomen, pelvis, genital area or lower back
• Problems urinating, such as pain or frequent urge to urinate
• Pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse
• General malaise and reduced quality of life

The syndrome is considered to be multifactorial, as there is often a combination of physical, nervous and psychological causes. Treatment therefore often requires a holistic approach.